Monday, December 3, 2012

Bugs life 1


Bugs life

1:50  -  1:55, 2:40 - 3:00 - color
red berries are used as pacing elements in the line. The red not only breaks up the predominantly cool color palette, but also helps the audience keep track of the line movement and progress, like colored marks on a measuring stick.

2:58
Mr. Soil is clearly framed against the trapezoid of the anthill, directing the audience's attention to him.

3:00 
the movement of the red berry to the female ant, along with Mr. Soil's head gesture, help transfer the audiences's attention to screen right, where the next line of dialogue will be said. 

3:04
3 ants stand in front of the 3 rock columns, re-enforcing the vertical line elements


3:13
the gap in the line is re-enforced by the gap in the grass

3:16
the placement of the red berry helps to ensure the audience is looking  at the center of the screen, where the speaking actors are.

Also, the curved crisscrossing lines of the sloping leaf, the foreground surface and the left mid-ground (darker) surface create a dynamic composition.

4:04
The supersaturated green grass helps the actors pop out

4:01
Dot is positioned underneath the line of ants, who appear to be walking above her, which re-enforces her frustration of feeling like a failure when she tries to fly.

10:00
The cool blue subterranean color scheme automatically feels like a safe zone for the ants, as it matches their cool blue/purple skin


10:45 - 10:55
The reveal of Hopper is classic. The feet first, imprisoning the two crawling actors on each side, followed by the low angle pan up to Hopper, whose head is enveloped in light, almost making him seem like a superior species or god (sun-king?)

11:05 - 11:50
Some great shots of Hopper moving about the cave. Note how several shots start without Hopper in them, but with a crowd of ants focused on him off screen. Their movement BEFORE he appears on screen gives Hopper and even larger presence. The Medium shot in front of Hopper that moves backwards frames him from the perspective of someone moving away from him. Powerful!

Hopper's dramatic turn at the end of his walk makes his line ("Where's my FOOD!?!?") delivery even more powerful. Note the snappiness of his turn, and how it emphasizes the "FOOD" beat!

Red, used as a visual cue to direct attention:

22:42 - the fly eyes
23:10 - the dog collar directs the audience to the chinese food box (chamber of metamorphosis)
23:21 - matchsticks above the pill bugs

Monday, November 26, 2012

Cloudy w/ Chance of Meatballs




1:46 -
- everything here is designed to make flint look like a failure and overpowered
- weather + lighting + pull back to super high angle shot down on Flint all make him look weak

1:58 
- cool blue is associated with struggle/failure
- warm lighting from the outside contrasts this and offers hope

2:14 - 2:28
- super deep perspective amps up the drama
- multiple triangles and arrow shapes help circulate the viewer's eye around the room, but always lead them back to flint and mom
- in the bed-level medium and OST/next to the bed shots, framing the warmth of the door behind mom helps us associate her with success and positivity.

2:25 - 2:40 
- the lab coat is symbolic in the movie - it's what gives kid flint the courage to grow into adult flint 

- the reveal is great and symbolic as well

- in the first shot we only see the shadow. Flint doesn't know what it is - and neither do we! At the same time, the mom's dialogue makes us want to know!

- the second shot is the reveal. Super low angle, and the coat frames mom's face! We'll look for the eyes first in a shot, so to frame her face with the coat is genius - you can't miss it! The diagonals here help to enhance the drama, and the low angle makes it look POWERFUL!

- The third shot has flint rising up in bed (symbolic - he's gaining confidence/levelling up - so they reflect this in his movement. In addition, he too is framed by two pillars, one on each side, which are parts of the coat, again framing his face.

- The fourth shot has a comedic beat, where Flint's enthusiasm kicks in and he jumps up to grab the coat. Both the gesture (jumping) and the beat (cute/funny) work well with this framing. 

- The final shot of this sequence shows Flint running to and hugging his mom. Note how the orbiting camera adds to the drama and allows the filmmakers to end on a close up of flint. Powerful!

2:55 - 3:20 

All of the shots featuring Flint drawing/exploring/etc feature deep perspective and moving cameras.

3:20 - 3:55

All of the gag shots involving Flint's failed inventions are (for the most part) framed from a flat perspective. 

Do you think the contrast of the deep shots in 2:55 - 3:20 help make the flatness in 3:20 - 3:55 funnier?



5:34 -

5:34 - lots of depth in this shot, mainly in the form of F's finger, which leads us to Steve in the next shot (F's eyes, fingers and arm form a triangle which Steve sits in the middle of in the next shot)

5:37 - deep camera move

5:39 - totally 100% flat shot, adds to awkwardness, humor, and helps exaggerate difference between these two characters. Note how both characters are lit with spotlights from above, and are framed in front of pools of light

5:48 - 6:05 - all deep perspective shots with moving/orbiting cameras

6:06 - coffee break - totally flat with no movement! Makes it more awkward! Is it more funny with the deep shots that contrast it beforehand?

6:08 - 6:20
To make an activity such as plugging in a cord seem awesome, they repeat it over and over from different angles. The angle through which the cords "connect" becomes a motion vector, which seems to travel around the clock, hitting almost every angle you can think of. 

The pace of these shots is super quick until the finale, where the two final shots are help longer to give the audience a sense of completion and satisfaction.

8:58 - 

Deep/Limited space in the final shot of the dad/son confrontation. Also, note the strong color saturation of warms behind the dad contrasting the cool colors surrounding.

9:11 - 

Flat space, designed to emphasize the humor/awkwardness of the scene


9:55

The cans of sardines are an important prop in this scene. To make them stand out, the filmmakers:
- color them red/warm, which contrasts everything else in the shot
- put them on the lower left third
- have flint stack them into a triangular shape 


10:31 
The wrecked pile of sardines AND the vertical edge of the shelf help to separate the father and son and divide them further.

10:40 ish 
The dad is framed in front of the front window in such a way that he and the door frame become one big center-oriented vertical column. Great way to emphasize the authority figure aspect of dad!

10:51

Flint's curved posture contrasts everything else in the shot, which is straight-edged, making him stand out.

10:58 
Chain link fence used as a framing element to make the mayor feel imprisoned.
Baby Brent's posed in a way that he creates an arrow pointing at the mayor
SUPER subtle camera push-in to enhance the tension - watch the edge of the frame as it moves in!


11:43 
Mr. T's head, back arm and pointed finger form a triangular arrow that points at F.

11:48 - 12:00
The shot of Mr. T doing acrobatics is still, allowing us to concentrate on the action. 
The close up of him also frames his son, which shows off the size difference between the two.

12:15
Fun way to break the 180 degree rule: introduce a third party! The initial framing is genius, as the jaywalker appears in the negative space between T and F's faces. The walker then leads T, who pursues and helps transition across the 180 line.

14:00
Shots of Baby Brent are flat, enhancing the comedy/awkwardness

Shot of Flint connecting his food maker is super deep, with a deep dramatic camera move.
Flint jumps over the fence, lands on his face, runs around the corner and activates the machine. Because of the framing, the entire motion is one big arc!

Shot of Mr. T starts as a medium/close-up, and as he realizes something is wrong, we pull out, revealing more of his surroundings. This makes him feel more aware of his surroundings, more sensitive to threats and more vulnerable at the same time. The new framing allows him to show off his new moves really well too.

The gradual push in to the mayor builds the excitement of what he is going to unveil.

21:00 - the film becomes super-saturated, with higher contrast and higher color intensity from this moment forward.

Incredibles Part 2


1:15:30 
This is the first time we really see Violet's eyes, and also the first time she puts on her mask. It's symbolic in that Violet is learning to both be confident of who she is, and protect herself and her identity at the same time.

1:17 
Many of the props and architectural openings in the film reenforce the oval i dot seen in the incredibles logo. Here, the hangar opening and the hull of the travel pod form two overlapping oval shapes. Even the shape of the ship wings are oval from above! Even the entrance to the tunnel is oval shaped!

1:17:13 

The triangular shape of the rocket contrasts all of the rounded oval shapes we've been seeing, making it stand out.

1:17:40 ish

The movement and arrangement of the two guards work as a framing element for the reveal of Helen suspended above.

1:17:49
Sublime oval and triangular shapes in both the scene and Helen's pose make the shot extremely impactfull.

1:18 - 1:19:10
Note that despite the complexity of the action, Helen is always moving left to right in this sequence, until the elevator sequence, where the 180 is flipped.

1:18:17 - eyes leave the shot looking into the empty space screen left
1:18:18 - the keycard in the next shot is exactly where your eyes are looking!

Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Week 4 notes - Visual Components, Contrast and Affinity, Space


Movies (pictures) can be broken down into three basic building blocks:

- story

- sound

- visuals




Remember what we're going for here…

DRAMA and CLARITY = GOOD!

BOREDOM and CONFUSION = BAD!




What are the basic visual components?

SPACE, LINE, SHAPE, TONE, COLOR, MOVEMENT, RHYTHM

  • Space
    • physical space in front of the camera
    • space as it appears on screen
    • size and shape of the screen itself
  • Line
    • lines exist in our head as a result of other visual components that allow us to perceive lines
  • Shape
    • shape goes hand in hand with line, because all shapes appear to be constructed from lines
  • Tone
    • brightness of an object in relation to gray scale
  • Color
    • hue of an object in relation to the color spectrum
  • Movement
    • the first visual component to attract the eye. 
    • Includes moving objects, characters, the camera, and the viewer's eyes
  • Rhythm
    • patterns in movement and/or editing

THINK OF THESE BUILDING BLOCKS AS ACTORS IN YOUR PROJECTS. Whether you like it or not, they are present in every shot, communicating moods and emotions to the viewer. This is why understanding and controlling these components is so important.

Terms

  • The screen
  • Foreground, mid ground, background (FG, MG, BG)
  • Picture plane

Visual progression
  • point > line > plane > cube
  • =
  • simple > complex
  • progression is fundamental to story and musical structure

CONTRAST AND AFFINITY
  • Contrast = difference
  • Affinity = similarity
  • Contrast = greater visual intensity, more dynamic
  • Affinity = less visual intensity, less dynamic
  • More intense visual intensity/dynamic = more intense audience reaction
  • AzAzAzAzAzAz = all contrast - too intense (maybe)
  • mmmmmmmmm = all affinity, too boring (maybe)
  • AzAzmmmAzmmAzmmAzmmAzAzAzmmmmmmmAzmmAzAzmmAz (maybe)

SPACE
  • Deep 
    • offers illusion of 3d depth on a 2d screen
    • no real depth in screen space, illusion is conveyed through depth cues
      • perspective - 1, 2, and 3 point (draw buildings)
        • perspective creates VANISHING POINTS and LONGITUDINAL PLANES
        • Audience's eye will be usually drawn to and on-screen vanishing point (
          • draw railroad tracks)
          • draw two vanishing planes, with actor on outside, then actor on inside, at VP. Compare the two.
      • size difference
        • separating objects/actors into FG, MG and BG helps create depth
      • movement
        • moving parallel to the picture plane:
          • objects further away will appear to move slower across screen
          • objects closer will appear to move faster
          • draw track runners to demonstrate
        • moving perpendicular to picture plane
          • objects appear to move faster the closer they are to the camera
      • camera movement
        • dolly in/out = moving camera closer or farther from the subject
        • draw scene with FG actor and two BG actors, then dolly in
        • FG actor will get larger faster
        • tracking shot - camera dollies left/right
        • with one FG and three BG actors, FG actor appears to move faster horizontally in screen space.
        • crane shot - camera is moved vertically up or down.
        • same FG/BG actor combo - FG actor will drop out of frame faster than BG guys
      • Textural diffusion
        • objects that are closer to the camera will have more visible texture
      • Arial diffusion
        • fog
        • must have objects affected and unaffected in both the same shot in order to be an effective depth cue
      • Tonal separation 
        • light objects generally appear closer, dark objects generally recede
        • can also be reverse, depending on lighting and arial diffusion
      • Color seperation
        • warm colors generally appear to be closer
        • cool colors generally appear to be further away
      • Up/Down position
        • objects lower in the frame appear to be closer than objects higher in the frame (maybe because they appear more accessible?)
      • Overlap
        • overlapping objects in the frame create depth
      • Focus
        • blur vs sharp
  • Flat
    • emphasizes the 2d aspects of the screen space
    • flat cues:
      • frontal planes and NO LONGITUDINAL PLANES
      • size consistency
      • movement
        • movement parallel to picture plane = good
      • camera movement - pans, tilts and zooms
        • help emphasize flat space because the relative distance between/size of objects does not change in the shot.
      • textural affinity
        • same amount of textural detail
      • reduced tonal seperation
      • reduced color separation (affinity of color)
      • reduced overlapping shapes
      • inverted depth cues
        • inverting or reversing depth cues can help flatten deep space
          • tone: placing brighter  obis in the BG and darker ones in the FG
          • color: warm BG, cool FG
          • textural diffusion: make BG obis have more texture and FG ones have less
          • size difference: place larger objs farther away, and small ones closer.
  • Limited
    • combo of deep and flat space cues, with little to zero longitudinal planes
  • Ambiguous
    • occurs when viewer is unable to understand the actual size/spatial relationships between objects in the frame
      • lack of movement -
      • objects of unknown size or shape
      • tonal and textural camouflage
      • mirrors and reflections
      • disorienting camera angles


  • DEEP SPACE
    • dramatic
    • exciting
    • edgy
    • can be used to release tension
  • FLAT SPACE
    • calming
    • comedic
    • disarming
    • can be used to build tension/claustrophobia and awkwardness
    • wes anderson!
  • LIMITED
    • combo of both
  • AMBIGOUS
    • mysterious
    • disorienting
    • chaotic

GRAPHING VISUAL INTENSITY WITH STORY INTENSITY
  • TWO GRAPHS
    • STORY INTENSITY GRAPH
    • VISUAL INTENSITY GRAPH
  • FOUR OPTIONS
    • CONSTANT
      • keeping visual elements constant through the film can be an excellent visual structure if it fulfills the needs of the story. 
      • Solid performances by the actors will be responsible for building conflict and tension, as the visual elements will remain the same
    • VISUAL PROGRESSION
    • CONTRAST AND AFFINITY
    • ALL OF THE ABOVE!
  • TOUCH OF EVIL
    • lots of deep space everywhere
    • first camera shot - deep/limited/ambigous sp ace everywhere
    • 1:06 - Vargas investigates his boss' nefarious past
  • WITNESS
    • alternates between deep and flat
      • flat (rural amish life) - 
        • 6:29
        • 7:10
        • 58:00
        • 1:27:00
      • deep (urban city) 
        • 10:25
        • 12:08
        • 23:00
  • DARK CITY  - AMBIGOUS + DEEP + occasional flat!
    • 6:23
    • 12:00
    • 28:00
    • 37:00
    • 1:43:00 - ending contrasts ambiguous space with recognizable deep and flat space.
  • AMERICAN BEAUTY - lots of flat space
    • 29:11- emphasizes awkwardness in family
    • 8:40 - emphasizes awkwardness in family
  • MATCH POINT
    • 10:00 - tom and claire meet, flat space
    • 1:38:00 - claire's space is largely flat, tom's is deep and dramatic



Beat sheet and script planning
EX = exposition
CO = conflict
CX = climax
R = resolution

BEAT SHEETS NEXT WEEK!!!